How Much Does Effort Matter For Test Results?

Or, What makes data reliable & replicable?

Last time, we talked about how Vietnam’s PISA¹ performances over the past couple decades have been major positive outliers. The paper we used to discuss that sent me down a research rabbit hole.

One of the explanatory factors tested in that Dang et al paper was whether Vietnamese students just tried harder than students in other countries. Paper says: no…